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What’s next for Ukraine and Russia after 2025?

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After 2025, the future of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia remains uncertain but depends heavily on several complex factors including military developments, diplomacy, and broader international relations.


Military Situation and Territorial Control:
Russia currently occupies about 20% of Ukraine's territory as of early 2025, having made steady but costly advances in eastern Ukraine despite stiff Ukrainian resistance
[1]. Russian forces have captured key cities such as Novohrodivka, Vuhledar, and Kurakhove, while Ukraine faces challenges with manpower, ammunition, and morale[1][2]. The frontlines remain contested, and Ukrainian counteroffensive capabilities are constrained.

Diplomatic Prospects:
Negotiations to end the war face major obstacles, particularly due to radically different demands. Ukraine insists on a ceasefire as a precondition, while Russia demands addressing root causes first and insists on Ukraine's neutrality and demilitarization
[3]. A proposed path forward involves a framework agreement that would articulate principles for a final settlement, possibly including temporary recognition of de facto territorial control, with final decisions on disputed territories delayed and possibly decided via provincial referenda[3]. Such an agreement would require participation from the U.S. and possibly other international actors.

Ukraine has recently offered new peace talks in mid-2025 and expressed readiness for direct talks with Vladimir Putin, although progress remains slow[4].

Broader Security Context:
The war in Ukraine is intricately tied to the larger security standoff between Russia and the West — notably NATO and the EU. Russia views its actions as a countermeasure against Western encroachment, while European countries increasingly perceive Russia as a persistent threat
[5][3]. The U.S.'s political landscape plays a critical role, with leadership changes affecting policy towards Ukraine and Russia.

Economic and Reconstruction Dimensions:
The conflict has enormous economic consequences for all parties. Russia faces severe sanction-related costs and military expenses reaching hundreds of billions of dollars, but also controls significant Ukrainian natural resources within occupied territories
[1]. Post-conflict reconstruction will require massive international support, potentially managed by institutions like the World Bank, with Russia expected to contribute financially though sanctions relief will likely be gradual and conditional[3].

Possible Scenarios Beyond 2025:
Experts foresee several scenarios for 2025-2026 involving continued stalemate, gradual erosion of Russian gains, or negotiated settlements with varied concessions
[6]. The most durable outcome envisioned would maintain Ukraine's sovereignty, dissuade renewed Russian aggression through deterrence, foster greater European self-reliance in security, and establish risk mitigation mechanisms for a militarized European landscape[5].

In summary, after 2025, the trajectory of the Ukraine-Russia conflict is likely to involve continued military pressures balanced with intensified diplomatic efforts that seek a framework for peace, all played out within a broader strategic competition between Russia and Western powers. The situation remains fluid, heavily dependent on battlefield developments, political will on all sides, and shifting global geopolitical dynamics.

1.       https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine  

2.      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_January_2025_–_31_May_2025)

3.      https://www.cfr.org/article/how-end-russia-ukraine-war   

4.      https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/19/zelenskyy-says-ukraine-sent-russia-offer-of-fresh-peace-talks-next-week

5.       https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/eastern-europe/ukraine-russia-internal-united-states/272-ukraine-and-beyond-shaping 

6.      https://www.globsec.org/what-we-do/publications/seven-security-scenarios-russian-war-ukraine-2025-2026-implications-and


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